Effect of Probiotics on Appetite Regulation in Adults With Overweight/Obesity

Inclusion Criteria: * Men and women, aged between 20-70 years * BMI ³ 25 kg/m2 * Stable body weight (weight gain or loss \< 3 kg in the past three months) * Willingness to give up being a blood donor from 8 weeks before the start of the study, during the study and for 4 weeks after completion of the study * No difficult venipuncture as evidenced during the screening visit Exclusion Criteria: * Diabetic patients (type 1 and type 2) * Abuse of drugs * More than 2 units alcoholic consumptions per day for women and 3 for men * Use of products or dietary supplements known to interfere with the main outcomes 3 months prior to the start of the study as judged by the principal investigators * Gastrointestinal disease (including IBD and IBS) * Use of an investigational product within another biomedical intervention trial within the previous 1-month * Severe medical conditions that might interfere with the study, such as epilepsy, asthma, kidney failure or renal insufficiency, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, autoimmune disease and rheumatoid arthritis * Active cardiovascular disease like congestive heart failure or cardiovascular event, such as an acute myocardial infarction or cerebrovascular accident * use of lipid- and glucose lowering medication, corticosteroid use * Psychiatric diagnoses including clinical depression * Intolerances or dietary habits that might interfere with the study (i.e. lactose intolerance or veganism) * pregnancy * smoking, vaping * use of antibiotics up to 3 months prior to the study