Clinical trial

Effect of Electrical Stimulation and Exercise on Blood Flow in Patients With Resistant High Blood Pressure

Recruiting now · Not applicable · 1 countries · Registry ID NCT07383220

Recruiting nowNot applicableInterventional

What this study is about

The goal of this clinical trial is to learn if the combination between transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) and isometric exercise (IE) can improve blood pressure in men and women between 50 to 60 years old suffered from resistant hypertension which is a type of hypertension where blood pressure remains above your target goal despite the use of three or more different classes of antihypertensive medications at their maximum tolerated doses. The main question to answer is: Is there a significant effect on the combined use of TENS and IE on peripheral hemodynamic parameters in patients with resistant hypertension? Total sample will be 50 patients from both sexes I will compare between two groups: Experimental group (15 men, 10 women) will take: medication plus IE and TENS Control group (15 men, 10 women) will take: medication plus Conventional Physical Therapy Program

A promising-looking record is not the same as confirmed eligibility. The study team must review the full criteria and current recruitment status.

Basic eligibility

Age50 Years to 60 Years
SexAll
Healthy volunteersNot accepted
ConditionResistant Hypertension, Hemodynamic Instability, Essential (Primary) Hypertension, Abdominal Obesity, Metabolic Syndrome, Hypertension (HTN), Vascular Resistance, High Blood Pressure

Full registry criteria

Inclusion Criteria: * Age between 50 and 60 years. Both sexes were included Patients had been diagnosed with hypertension for at least 5 years. Patients had resistant hypertension according to (Whelton et al 2018), defined as: * Systolic blood pressure (SBP) ≥140 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) ≥90 mmHg despite the use of three or more antihypertensive medications of different classes, including a diuretic, * or controlled blood pressure (\<140/90 mmHg) while on four or more antihypertensive medications. Body Mass Index (BMI) 25: 34.9 kg/m² Increased waist circumference, defined as: * Greater than 102 cm for males. * Greater than 88 cm for females. Exclusion Criteria: * Secondary hypertension due to identifiable causes (e.g., renal artery stenosis, primary aldosteronism, pheochromocytoma). * History of major cardiovascular events in the last 6 months (e.g., myocardial infarction, stroke, or heart failure exacerbation). * Severe musculoskeletal or neurological disorders that impair the ability to perform isometric exercise safely (e.g., recent joint replacement, severe osteoarthritis, stroke with residual motor deficit). * Contraindications to the use of Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS): Implanted electronic devices: pacemakers, cardioverter defibrillators. Uncontrolled arrhythmias. Sever skin condition: open wounds, rashes, burns, eczema. Peripheral neuropathy or sensory loss. -Known cognitive impairment or psychiatric conditions that would limit the ability to follow instructions or provide informed consent.

Treatments and study arms

Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation

Device

Application of TENS Electrode placements: bilaterally over the Paraspinal muscles at the T1-T5 levels (upper thoracic region), targeting sympathetic outflow to the cardiovascular system. Frequency: 2-10 Hz (low frequency stimulation) Pulse duration: 200 microseconds Intensity: strong but comfortable tingling sensations, below motor threshold (typically between 10-20mA) Session duration: 30 minutes per session Session frequency: 3 times per week Total intervention duration: 8 weeks

Isometric Exercise

Behavioral

Device: Hand grip dynamometer. protocol: * 30% of the participants' maximal voluntary contraction (MVC). * Duration per trial: 2 minutes. * Number of trials per session: 4 repetitions * Rest interval between trials: 1 minute * Session frequency: 3 sessions per week * Total session duration: 14 minutes Per session: * 4 sets × 2 minutes = 8 minutes of active contraction * Rest between sets: 1 to 3 minutes (average 2 min × 3 rests = 6 minutes) * So total session time: average 14 minutes. • Total intervention duration: 8 weeks

Aerobic, Dynamic Resistance, stretch and Breathing Exercises and Lifestyle Modification Advices

Behavioral

1. Aerobic exercise: moderate (brisk walking): 30 min, 5 times per week. 2. Engage in dynamic resistance exercise (weight training): 2 or more days non-consecutive. 3. Minimize sedentary behavior 4. Maintain healthy weight 5. Nutritional advice like: * Eat at least 5 portions of fruit and vegetables * Eat more lean protein e.g. Fish and nuts * Eat less salt \<5g or 1tsp * Eat 25-29 g of fiber * Limit alcohol * Drink 2-3 cups of coffee and/or tea (unsweetened) 6. Others: * Sleep: 7-9h/day * Reduce stress: practice meditation or yoga 30 min per day * Listen to music at least 25 min, 3 times per week * Stop smoking * Limit pollutions exposure * Use digital wearables/apps to track movement 7. Breathing exercise: Slow breathing at a rate of 6 breath/min for 10 minutes. 8. Stretching exercise: Static stretching exercise is mainly for large bulky muscles 30 sec stretch, 30 sec rest for 5 min

Primary outcomes

Pulse Pressure8 weeks

Definition and Calculation: Pulse Pressure (PP) is the primary hemodynamic outcome, representing the pulsatile component of the blood pressure waveform. It is calculated as the difference between Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP) and Diastolic Blood Pressure (DBP): PP = SBP - DBP. Measurement Method: Measurements will be obtained via manual auscultation using a calibrated sphygmomanometer. SBP is identified at Korotkoff Phase I and DBP at Phase V. To ensure precision, three readings will be taken at 2-minute intervals after a 5-minute rest; the mean values will be used for the final PP calculation. Clinical Significance: In resistant hypertension, PP is a robust indicator of large-artery stiffness and cardiovascular risk. This study evaluates the effect of combined transcutaneous electrical stimulation and isometric exercise on reducing PP, signifying improved vascular compliance and reduce…

Mean Arterial Blood Pressure8 weeks

Description: The primary outcome is the change in Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP) from baseline to the end of the intervention. MAP represents the average arterial pressure during a cardiac cycle, serving as a critical indicator of hemodynamic load in patients with resistant hypertension. Measurement \& Calculation: MAP will be determined via the manual auscultatory method using a mercury and a stethoscope. Following a 10-minute quiet rest in a seated position, three readings will be taken from the non-dominant arm (2-minute intervals). SBP and DBP will be recorded at Korotkoff phases I and V. MAP will then be calculated using the formula: MAP = DBP + 1/3(SBP - DBP). Unit of Measure: mmHg

Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP)8 weeks

Definition: Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP) is the primary measure of peripheral hemodynamics. SBP reflects the maximum pressure exerted against arterial walls during ventricular contraction, while DBP reflects the minimum pressure during ventricular relaxation. Measurement Protocol: Measurements will be performed via manual auscultation using a calibrated sphygmomanometer and a high-quality stethoscope. SBP will be recorded at the onset of Korotkoff Phase I (clear tapping). Participants will rest seated for 5 minutes prior to assessment. Three readings, separated by 2-minute intervals, will be averaged to determine the final values. Clinical Significance: In resistant hypertension, SBP is the gold-standard markers for evaluating the efficacy of the combined transcutaneous electrical stimulation and isometric exercise intervention in reducing systemic vascular resistance and cardiovascula…

Heart Rate8 weeks

Definition: Heart Rate (HR), measured in beats per minute (BPM), serves as a primary indicator of autonomic nervous system activity and cardiovascular workload. In patients with resistant hypertension, it reflects the chronotropic response to the combined intervention. Measurement Method: HR will be measured using a Granzia Pulsox digital pulse oximeter. The device will be placed on the index finger of the participant's non-dominant hand. Following a 5-minute period of seated rest, the investigator will wait for a stable plethysmographic signal on the Granzia display before recording the value. To ensure reliability, three consecutive readings will be taken at 1-minute intervals, and the mean value will be used as the primary data point for analysis. Clinical Significance: A reduction in resting HR would indicate a successful modulation of sympathetic activity following the TENS and iso…

Diastolic Blood Pressure (DBP)8 weeks

It is the primary measure of peripheral hemodynamics. DBP reflects the minimum pressure during ventricular relaxation. Measurement Protocol: Measurements will be performed via manual auscultation using a calibrated sphygmomanometer and a high-quality stethoscope. DBP will be recorded at the onset of Korotkoff at Phase V (disappearance of sound). Participants will rest seated for 5 minutes prior to assessment. Three readings, separated by 2-minute intervals, will be averaged to determine the final values. Clinical Significance: In resistant hypertension, DBP is the gold-standard markers for evaluating the efficacy of the combined transcutaneous electrical stimulation and isometric exercise intervention in reducing systemic vascular resistance and cardiovascular load. Unit of Measurement: mmHg

Study locations

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Out Clinics of Port Said Hospitals🇪🇬 Port Said, Port Said Governorate, Egypt